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Effingham is a hamlet on Effingham Creek, a tributary of the Twelve Mile Creek, in the northern part of the Town of Pelham in Ontario, Canada. Located close to the Niagara Escarpment, it has few roads which wind through the Escarpment's forests. Like the neighbouring community of St. Johns in Thorold, Effingham sits on the edge of Short Hills Provincial Park. The St. Johns Conservation Area, maintained by the Niagara Peninsula Conservation Authority, is located nearby. Effingham began as a small Loyalist settlement early in Niagara's history. Situated in the Short Hills of Pelham, it owed its beginnings to David Secord, brother-in-law to Laura Secord, who had arrived shortly after 1783. As a Butler's Ranger, Secord was entitled to a land grant of . The patent issued on 8 July 1799. The tract was composed mainly of wooded hills divided by spring-fed streams. Secord harnessed the water power of the fast flowing streams to run a grist mill at what has since become the neighbouring hamlet of St. Johns, only the second mill to be built in Upper Canada. Secord had cleared 10 acres (4 ha) and had planted apple trees, which were already bearing fruit, when the Loyalist and Quaker Samuel Beckett arrived on the scene. Beckett was to be the forerunner of many Quakers who would settle in Pelham. Secord sold his entire grant to Beckett on 13 October 1809 for GBP£687/10s. Beckett proceeded to build a saw mill. Besides the grist mill, a woollen factory and fulling mill are recorded and eventually the bustling milling centre became known as "Beckett's Mills". The fast running streams of the Twelve Mile Creek system were a source of power and the soil was excellent for farming and growing wheat. The grist mills of Beckett's Mills and St. Johns served the farmers throughout the region. In 1850, Beckett's Mills was renamed "Effingham" and a post office was established. Effingham boasted a general store, post office, a Quaker church, a blacksmith shop and a carriage shop. In spite of exterior forces, such as the first Welland Canal and the railways by-passing St. Johns, Effingham was still able to be a busy milling community. By 1854, however, the effects of the second Welland canal, more railways and American imported wheat from Ohio forced the community to change to cash crops of fruit, vegetables and dairy products. Effingham slowly declined as a regional centre. Today, the mills are gone. Fierce storms in 1935 washed out the mill dams and sent a flood of water through the valley, destroying many bridges. Of the many millponds where ducks and geese once paddled, only broken-down mill races are still to be found. This poem by Brown from 1912 captures the spirit of the hamlet: Low nestled in the Pelham Hills Where angrily the Twelve Mile spills, Her crystal flood o'er earth confine Then rushes on as if on time: And not unlike the sportive steed It races down through vale and mead Impatient in its onward flow To swell Ontario's tide below. Here let me rest, 'neath maple shade Of charming bowers of nature made, And whether I gaze on vine-clad hill Or two-fold pond and rustic mill In all around I find a scene For artist's brush and poet's theme. No crowded walk or busy street But you stop and talk to whom you meet On grass fringed path up to the store, Or to the church with welcome door- A spot where simple joys abound And peace and plenty abound Where life is real and not a sham, Believe me, this is Effingham. ==External links== *(Effingham ) at Geographical Names of Canada * (The Voice of Pelham - Pelham & Effingham Community Newspaper ) * (Short Hills Nature Sanctuary ) 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Effingham, Ontario」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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